05.11.2021

ABDULKHALIQ GHIJDUVANI (1103-1179)

Having Allah’s mercy, our native land has produced and edu­cated great scholars and geniuses who have made contributions of world scale importance to the development of science and culture not only from such world-famous cities as Bukhara, Samarkand, Nasaf, Termez but also from the farthest provinces of the country. One of such cities situated on the Great Silk Road is Ghijduvan, which has always been famous in the history as one of the centres of science, education and trade. The scholars born in this estimated city have been known to the world under the penname al-Ghijduvani.

It is well known from the history that during his reign, a Te murid prince and great astronomer Mirza Ulugbek erected three great madrasahs. Two of them were constructed in the world-famous cities of the East Bukhara and Samarkand and the third one was built in 1433, i.e. approximately 580 years ago, in Ghijduvan. This very fact shows how famous Ghijduvan was in the Middle Ages as one of the scientific and educational centres of Maveraunnahr, and that its scientific potential was in the centre of attention of the rulers and scholars. It is natural that such a bright star in the wide sky of Sufism, one of the leaders of the Khajagan order in Islam AbdulkhaliqGhijduvani was born and grew up in this city.

It should be strongly noted that our estimated countrymen made an incomparable contribution to the development of Sufism which played an important role in the spiritual and cultural life of the East. For instance, the theoretical and practical foundations of the theory of teachings called “Hakimiya” founded by a great thinker from Termez al-Hakim at-Termizi, another trend called “Yassaviya” founded by Ahmad Yassavi, a famous sheikh from Turkistan, as well as the teachings of the trend “Kubraviya” founded by a famous fighter for freedom of the country Najmiddin Kubra were supported, established and disseminated throughout the Islamic world as special trends in Islam by AbdulkhaliqGhijduvani. It should be mentioned that the theory and practical teachings of the “Naqshbandiya” order founded by his spiritual follower Bahauddin Naqshbandi still has its influence not only in Central Asia but also in most of the Eastern countries.

His legacy was enjoyed by hundreds of his students and followers. He also left a num­ber of his scientific works. Among them, we can mention the following:

1)  “Vasiyatname”. It is also known as “Adabi tariqat” (The moral principles of teachings);

2)   “Risalai Sahibiya” (Booklet of friendship);

3)  “Az guftari Khoja Abdulkhaliq Ghijduvani” (Samples of sayings by Abdulkhaliq Ghijduvani).

Some copies of these manuscripts are preserved in the scientific library of the Institute of Oriental Studies named after Abu Rayhan Beruni in Tashkent. The main essence of the theory of the Naqsh-bandiya teachings is related to the main rules of behaviour of a Muslim, principles of morality, as well as spiritual and psychological maturity of man. This teaching is intended to the purity of moral and behaviour of the members of the society. In the process of creating his theory Abdulkhaliq Ghijduvani, who had an honourable title “Khojai Jahan”, tried to account on the requirements of the Holy Qur’an which was considered to be the main law of “ahli sunnah va-l-jamaa” (the society of the representatives of the Sunnah order) and the requirements followed by Prophet Muhammad (saas).

In his creative activity, Abdulkhaliq Ghijduvani fought for the purity of Islam and hated any type of abusing the rules of Islam and breach of trust of pure Muslims. According to the information provided by some sources, at the time of his fight there were no abusers of the principles of Islam in Maveraunnahr. He used to call ordinary people to enlightenment, science and knowledge, especially he was deeply devoted to the science of Hadiths and Islamic law. He tried to disseminate the principles of pure life, living on one’s own labour, smartness and to avoid dishonesty and differentiate good and evil as well as unity of word and deed. His teachings were devoted to the appreciation of good deeds of man, patriotism, diligence and industry as well as permanent struggle for science, education, enlightenment and knowledge. The founder of the motto “Dast ba koru, dil ba yor” (Your hands should be busy with work and your soul with the name of Allah) proposed by the Khajagan order was also Abdulkhaliq Ghijduvani.

One of the positive and important peculiarities of the teachings, legacy and practical activity of the great Sufi Abdulkhaliq Ghijdu­vani lies in the fact that his works promote the main principles of both religion and secular sciences. His faithfulness and courage are worth appreciation. Perhaps, due to these peculiarities, his legacy and ideas promoted in his works have been living for several centuries in the social and spiritual life of not only in Central Asian countries but also in the countries of the Middle and Near East.

✍️Farrux Saydullaev, 

International scientific research centre of Imam Termizi Head of International Relations

Оставить комментарий