STUDYING ETHNOGRAPHIC AND ETHNOLOGICAL DATA IN MUHAMMAD HAKIM TIRMIZI'S BOOKS

SAYDULLAEV FARRUKH,

Scientific researcher of Termiz State University

Scientific Stuff of International scientific research center of Imam Termizi

Abstract: Muhammad Hakim Termizi, a famous scholar and author of several works in the fields of Islam and history, ethnography and ethnology. The scientist's famous ethnography and ethnology works “Navroznama” and “Solnoma” and the scientific analyzes and research presented in these works are discussed. The work was thoroughly analyzed and compared with our present day and the analysis justified.

Key words: Nazruznoma, Solnoma, moon, sun, stars, week, еar, constellations, ethnography, ethnology, research.

In the course of ethnographic scientific and field research conducted in the course of research, Hakim at-Tirmizi was analyzed based on the sources of observations related to nature. In particular, Hakmi at-Tirmizi describes the ethnographic results based on his еars of experience while studying changes in nature during field observations [1].

On the basis of ethnographic observations, I have created many experiences of khilafi zaman (change of time) and mururi ayomdin (passing of days).

For example, if Nawrozi world falls on Sunday, it will be related to Shams (Sun). May there be many blessings in that еar, may there be abundance, may there be little conspiracy and evil, may it be good for the cotton, may the crops and crops in the mountains be good, and may the crops of the farmers grow.

At the beginning of the еar it will be cheap, and at the end it will be expensive, but it will pass quickly.

Opposition (contradiction) is widespread among the people. Let there be a plague among the people. And let there be bloodshed (bloodletting) on the part of the idolater, and let there be no end to the burden.

Crops should be sown earlier. God bless you.

The opinions presented by Hakim al-Termizi on the basis of these ethnographic field observations have not lost their importance for centuries.

Likewise, al-Hakim at-Tirmizi's studies did not change. It is important to note that the main reason why it has not lost its significance no matter how much time has passed since the beginning of the new еar in every country has come to a single opinion after ten or 30 еars. In this matter, we will focus on the field observations of al-Hakim al-Tirmizi.

Hakim at-Tirmizi paid special attention to the traditional economic system in the process of ethnographic study of nature, the changes in the weather in each season, its positive and negative effects on the human lifestyle, the problems, difficulties, disasters and their consequences that may occur in the field of farming and livestock breeding. tried to determine [2].

According to him, if Navrozi Olam falls on Tuesday, it will be related to Mirrih (Mars).

May that еar be farah (joyous) and day by day there will be plenty of food, and may there be administration for chahorpos (animals). But there seems to be a lot of strife among the people. The king of the eastern side is very worried. If the crops are sown early that еar, the soil will be good, but disaster will strike in the evening and the fruits will be few. At the end of the еar there are many floods, and there is little rain this еar. May there be many bounties this еar, and may the prices be cheap and the flowers abundant [4].

But this еar there will be plenty of grapes and the weak will be in trouble.

This scholar's opinion is confirmed by the field notes recorded by the famous Turkish photographer Orhan Durgut at the Termizi International Scientific and Research Center: the international photo exhibition "Islamic Cities of the World" The photo exhibition includes the famous cities of the Islamic world, such as Termiz, Khiva, Samarkand, Najaf, Delhi, Medina, Mecca, Jerusalem, Istanbul Photographs of shrines in about 30 cities were shown. During the event, some information was received from the photographer.

Ethnographic studies on the awakening of nature, the effect of changes in the universe on it, the movements of celestial bodies, provided great data for the comparative analysis of the science of ethnology. Based on the results of his research, the practical conclusions are based on Atorud (Mercury) if Navrozi Olam falls on Chahorshanba (Wednesday). That еar there was a famine, there was a lot of bloodshed and corruption. But the speed has been eliminated. There were many good harvests that еar, but barley and wheat were expensive on the Khorasan side. There were many snakes, snakes, and worms that еar. May death be abundant to the weak and young children, but commerce be abundantly good. But there was a lot of sore eyes among the people. God bless you. The most important thing is that the results of the practice based on scholar above have not changed and have been confirmed despite the passing of centuries [5].

Ethnographic studies on the awakening of nature, the effect of changes in the universe on it, the movements of celestial bodies, provided great data for the comparative analysis of the science of ethnology. Based on the results of his research, the practical conclusions are based on Atorud (Mercury) if Navrozi Olam falls on Chahorshanba (Wednesday). That еar there was a famine, there was a lot of bloodshed and corruption. But the speed has been eliminated. There were many good harvests that еar, but barley and wheat were expensive on the Khorasan side. There were many snakes, snakes, and worms that еar. May death be abundant to the weak and young children, but commerce be abundantly good. But there was a lot of sore eyes among the people [1]. God bless you. The most important thing is that the results of the practice based on Allomani above have not changed and have been confirmed despite the passing of centuries.

When Allomani analyzed these scientific ethnographic studies from the point of view of the current period, field observations were the basis. Turkey, with Erol Qilich, Director of the Center for History and Culture of Istom, and Mohammad Odil Hamid, Ph.D. and Scientific Researcher of Fatih Sultan Mehmed University. The meeting held on February 26, 2020 was published in a special issue of the famous Turkish magazine

Scholar based on ethnographic field research, paid close attention to the seasonal changes of nature and presented his ethnological analysis by comparing the occurrences of seasonal changes in the weather, droughts in winter or spring, or droughts during the planting of spring crops, and droughts in the autumn months. . On the other hand, according to scholars, Navrozi world is entered on Friday.

Belonging to Venus. May that еar be happy and prosperous [2].

It rains a lot, it's cold, the winter is long, and it's expensive at the end of the еar. It is necessary to save the grain, let there be a lot of good trade and bad luck for the evening (farming). In that еar, it is a blessing that the prices will be cheap, that there will be prosperity, and that the crops will be good. Sesame seeds (medium). The condition of the soldiers is zabun (severe). God bless you.

These conclusions indicate that practical results that do not require proof are accurately measured. Scholar’s analytical ideas have not lost their relevance even now, and gave him the opportunity to justify them in the period of field research.

Normatov Eshgabil Tashmakhtovich was born on April 30, 1965 in Dehkhanabad district, Kashkadarya region. Recorded Field Notes: Living Mazil. Kashkadarya region, Dehkhanabad district, Baqaton village, house 8. In 1990, he graduated from Oybek Pedagogical Institute. He has been teaching physics at school for more than 30 еars. As the field research continued, several records were recorded about the Boysun Mountains [3].

Hakim at-Tirmizi's ethnographic observations and ethnological scientific views are distinguished by the fact that they are based on a clear tradition. The popular work “Navruznoma” attracts the attention of scientists due to its uniqueness, based on concrete reality, and the fact that this work is a study as a result of long observations. A scientist has been serving the future of humanity as a confirmation of the development of human consciousness and thinking ability, based on his thoughts. According to scholars' observations, if Nawrozi falls on Saturday, it is related to Zuhal (Saturn). That еar, there was a famine in some cities, there was a lot of rain, and there was a lot of bloodshed. An army will appear from the south, war and strife, thieves and robbers will be many, conspiracy and lies will be exposed. May the autumn crops be good and the fruits be less, may the frost be severe at the end of the еar, may the winter be long. God bless you. Life proves that this century serves as a very important guide for every person, professional and science. Field observations confirmed that the units of time created by scholar were extremely accurate.

Khwaja Abulqasim Muhammad bin Ali Hakim Tarmadi, may God bless his soul, says: The Almighty and Great God has given me one hundred and twenty-five еars of life... The beginning of the book, if Nowruz falls on Sunday, it will be related to Aftab (Sun), the еar Prosperity will come and there will be less strife among people. The cotton crop will be good, the foothills will flourish, the fields will be excellent compared to other еars, and there will be a little trouble at the end of the еar, but it will pass quickly, and there will be little death. (If you compare this text with Sunday in the text, it is felt that there is a big difference, so in the future, a comparative examination of the Persian and Turkish texts of "Navroznama" is required) [4].

Hakim at-Tirmizi provides sources based on his ethnographic observations and ethnological scientific conclusions. These are the seven planets, seven days (weeks), seven number-related events in general, the seven types of calligraphy in the Arabic alphabet, the seven types of food prepared during Nowruz, according to Eastern belief, the land is divided into seven seas. surrounds, seven climates, seven wonders of the world, seven positions and seven veils in music, seven important organs in the human body, there is also a legend that in post-Jahiliyyah times, Arabs used the names of the days of the week with abjad names [1].

"Chronicle", which is considered one of Hakim at-Tirmizi's most valuable works that contributed to ethnography, has not lost its value for centuries with its scientific and popularity. This work of scholar and scientist is the result of long-term observations, and it attracts the attention of all scientists as a precious and unique work created on the basis of perfect observation of changes in seconds, hours, days, weeks, months, еars, and weather-related conditions.

In the course of scientific study of the research, we found out that there is almost no difference in the time of field research when we compare the experiments conducted by scholars on determining the time included in the scientific problem with the current period. Al-Hakim at-Tirmizi's ethnographic observations and ethnological scientific conclusions are summarized in his “Chronicle” work. In the work, let it be known to badaz (later) ulul-albabs (sages) that the ulamadin and hukamoyi shar'i matin (firm shari'a judges - sages) and the sages of Ajam (Novice sages), especially the hukamoyi of Hindustan, saw the life of the world. Having seen pleasure and pain, pain and hardship, pleasure and pleasure, labor and hardship, fitna and fashion, sickness and health, heat and cold, hunger and satiety, existence and non-existence at the last level, looking together with the eyes of the example, thinking with the intellect and wisdom as much as their talents. spending time and not being oblivious to the passing of time and the constant change and renewal of situations, Shabu Roz (night-day), the center of the moon and day and the stars, and Being aware of the time of sunrise and sunset and experiencing each of them, what is its nature, what it educates, and what it affects, assigning each еar to an animal, assigning twelve еars to an animal, and those who appear (appear) they have described their effects [5].

The work “Chronicle” created by Al-Hakim at-Tirmizi shows that long observations and endless ethnographic researches were carried out carefully. Turkey, with Erol Qilich, Director of the Center for History and Culture of Istom, and Mohammad Odil Hamid, Ph.D. and Scientific Researcher of Fatih Sultan Mehmed University. The meeting held on February 26, 2020 was published in a special issue of a famous Turkish magazine.

In the work, information is given about the coming of the еar, whether a person is long or short, thick or dry, fruits and grains, crops, the condition of kings and merchants, what happens to animals, as well as the nature of children born at what time of the еar. “Chronicle” is essentially a wisdom of еars.

Al-Hakim at-Tirmizi's works “Nawruznoma” and “Solnoma” were published as a result of great careful life observations, intelligence and wisdom, and even today we are using these examples of great life experience on a large scale [3].

Today's researchers, while studying the works and heritage of Allama, acknowledge that he founded the Sufi order called "Hakimiya" in his time, which was based on the belief that "light is knowledge, and knowledge is light." In one of Alloma's works, "Any real spiritual world knowledge or observation, more precisely, inner worldview, is regarded as light by nature. The purpose of bringing light into the human heart is to separate right from wrong," defines the goal of Sufi views [3].

Used literature and sources:

1.                     Field research. Sultan Fatih Mehmed Library Foundation, Istanbul, Turkey. February-March 2020.

2.                     Field research. Hakim Termiz mausoleum, Termiz district, June-July 2023.

3.                     Field researche. Saudi Arabia. Makkah City Museum of Human History 2022.

4.                     Usmanov.I. A selection from Hakim Termizi books. -Tashkent, Movorunnahr, 2007. B-67.

5.                     Tursunov.S, Murtazoev B. The scientific thinking of the Termiz scholars. Tashkent. Publishing House of Uzbekistan, 2016. P.122.